<p>Sherkala  is a mountain in Mangystau Province, western Kazakhstan, close to the town of Shetpe . It has been described as looking like a piala, yurt or Sphinx with steep south and east sides and a more eroded northern side.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is sited between the central and western Karatau Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Remains of a medieval caravanserei and fort belonging to Dzhuchi, Genghis Khan&#39;s elder son are on top and at the foot of the mountain. A tunnel can be used to access the summit.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of the medieval settlement of Kyzylkala and of Mankashlak (Mankyshlak), a Turkmen town on the Silk Road, are also nearby as is Torysh (The Valley of Balls).</p><br>
<p>The mountain was, according to legend, besieged by the Sheikh of Khoresm Astsyz after he had conquered Mankashlak. After four months the attackers dug a tunnel sideways through the mountain into the well shaft of the town above, cutting off their rope and forcing their surrender.</p><br>
<p>The name Sherkala is from Persian شیرقلعه, meaning Lions Mountain&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson–Finlay House, also known as Mist Lady, the Joshua Wilson House, and the Finlay House, is a historic plantation house in Gainestown, Alabama. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on September 17, 1976. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1978, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built circa 1846 for Dr. Joshua Sanford Wilson by Isaac Fuller from Maine. Wilson, born in 1792 in Halifax County, North Carolina, was a physician, planter, and politician. His father, the Reverend Joshua Wilson, settled in Gainestown around 1817. He was a Revolutionary War veteran and Methodist minister.</p><br>
<p>As of 2011, the house is owned by the Louis M. Finlay Jr. family. They also maintain the Gainestown Schoolhouse, another National Register-listed property, on the grounds for use as a guest cottage.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story Greek Revival-style house is wood-frame with limestone ashlar foundations and front columns, an unusual feature in Alabama. The limestone, with visible marine fossils present, was quarried locally, at the Gainestown Quarry on the Alabama River. The house is rectangular in form and utilizes a central hall-type plan. A central two-tiered Doric portico fronts the structure. A louvered fanlight is centered in the pediment above the portico.</p><br>
<p>The Gainestown Schoolhouse is a historic school building on Clarke County Road 29 in Gainestown, Alabama. It was built in 1919 as a one-room schoolhouse and now serves as a guesthouse for the Wilson-Finlay House across the road. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1992, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The form is like that of most late 19th century school buildings in Alabama, namely a one story frame, rectangular-shaped building with a front gabled roof. A single entrance is found on the gabled front and a row of</p><br>
<p>windows on each side elevation.</p><br>
<p>The building was expanded to two rooms in 1930, with the addition of a western side-wing. The large gabled wing turned the schoolhouse into a T-shaped building.</p><br>
<p>Tell Ghoraifé  is a prehistoric, Neolithic tell, about 22 km east of Damascus, Syria. The tell was the site of a small village of 5 hectare, which was first settled in the early eighth millennium BC.</p><br>
<p>A small, 2 m&sup2; excavation was made on the tell by Henri de Contenson in 1974. The excavations revealed about 7.5 m of deposit on the site consisting of layers of mud, ashes and burned earth. The deposit at the site was phased into two levels owing to typological differences in the artifacts, but the site shows a continuous occupation through both phases.</p><br>
<p>Materials discovered, particularly the stylistic traits of the lithic tools, show similarities with Southern Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites. Tell Ghoraifé is closely related other Neolithic sites in the Damascus basin, like Tell Aswad and Tell Ramad. Despite the similarities these sites share with Euphrates valley sites such as building materials, pre-pottery White Ware and burial rites, they represent a separate, distinct group from the Euphrates valley.</p><br>
<p>Tell Ghoraifé is an important site to our understanding of the origin of agriculture. It is an example of a site with a long sequence over a millennium where the study of the evolution from wild to domesticated barley has taken place. Finds also included early domesticated wheat. The mammal fauna at Tell Ghoraifé shows a distinct change from level I to II. While both sheep and goats are found in both levels, their ratio in level II is a reversal of the 1 to 3 sheep-to-goat ratio found at level I.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>de Contenson, H., Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 137 Aswad et Ghoraifé: sites néolithiques en Damascène (Syrie) aux IXème et VIIIème millénaires avant l&#39;ère chrétienne, Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique, 137, Beirut, 1995</p><br>
<p>van Zeist, W. Bakker-Heeres, J.A.H., Archaeobotanical Studies in the Levant 1. Neolithic Sites in the Damascus Basin: Aswad, Ghoraifé, Ramad - Palaeohistoria, 24, 165-256, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Gilgal I  is an archaeological site in the Jordan Valley, West Bank, dated to the Neolithic period. The site is located eight miles north of ancient Jericho. The features and artifacts unearthed at Gilgal I shed important light on agriculture in the Levant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to the Bible, Gilgal is the camp where Joshua and the children of Israel first settled upon entering the Promised Land (Joshua 5:9).</p><br>
<p>Gilgal I was first excavated by Tamar Noy in 1979. Further excavations were conducted by Ofer Bar-Yosef of Harvard University and Mordechai E. Kislev and Anat Hartmann of Bar-Ilan University. They found caches of selectively propagated fig seeds, stored together with wild barley, wild oat, and acorns in quantities too large to be accounted for even by intensive gathering, at strata datable c. 11,000 years ago. The dig also unearthed the remains of thirteen round buildings made of mud and rock.</p><br>
<p>Some of the plants tried and then abandoned during the Neolithic period in the Ancient Near East, at sites like Gilgal I, were later successfully domesticated in other parts of the world. At Gilgal, archaeologists found ancient carbonized figs stored in an 11,400-year-old house which appear to be a mutant "parthenocarpic" variety, bred for human consumption.</p><br>
<p>The figs discovered at Gilgal lack embryonic seeds, a mutation that does not survive in nature more than a single generation. This suggests that the fig trees at Gilgal were artificially maintained by planting live branches in the ground, a horticultural technique known as vegetative propagation. Some fig remains recovered from other sites in the Middle East appear to be of the Gilgal variety.</p><br>
<p>Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) baked clay objects were discovered at Gilgal I, most of them figurines and symbolic artifacts. As some of the earliest ceramic findings in the Levant, they are of interest to archaeologists for their artistic, stylistic, symbolic and technological characteristics.</p><br>
<p>The Moreshet Foundation Israel (MHF Israel) is developing the Gilgal Education Center in the Jordan Valley, a center open to the public that will highlight the importance of this archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>The Nachcharini cave is located at a height of 2,100 m on the Nachcharini Plateau in the Anti-Lebanon mountains near the Lebanese/Syrian border and among the most elevated Natufian and Khiamian hunter-gatherer occupation sites found to date.</p><br>
<p>Moderately sized, but of significance for the study of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period in Lebanon, it was excavated in 1972 and 1974 by Bruce Schroeder as part of the University of Toronto&#39;s investigation of Paleo-human occupation throughout the Beqaa Valley in the west. Research was discontinued during the Lebanese Civil War. The only radiocarbon date of the Neolithic period from this site has a high deviation rate, falling between 8,500 BC and 7,700 BC. Resumed investigation into the prehistoric land use of this site were carried out in 2001, directed by Alex Wasse of the Council for British Research in the Levant. The team found the site badly looted but was able to recover numerous tools and flints for further study.</p><br>
<p>Harsh local climate restricted occupation of the site most likely to spring and summer only. Heavy snowfall lasts into spring, which provides water for areal irrigation into June, of some of the historically richest Levantine pastures.</p><br>
<p>Research suggests, that there are strong elements of continuity between the Natufian (as the last Levantine Epipaleolithic culture) and the PPNA as evidenced by tool comparison. Analysis of chipped stone tools revealed similarities to the Jericho Sultanian style, suggesting more advanced activities than carried out at other PPNA sites. Evidence from Wadi Faynan suggests a variety of non-hunting purposes for these types of tools. Microdrills are a particularly common tool type in the Khiamian period. They were used mainly to perforate stone beads. This can be deduced from the use-wear marks on the active areas and the residue conserved on them.</p><br>
<p>The McNeel Mill is located just south of the intersection of route 219 and route 39 and route 55 in Mill Point, Pocahontas County, West Virginia . The mill was completed in 1868 by Isaac McNeel and was in operation until 1947. The three-story wood-frame mill operated with a 21 ft diameter metal mill wheel.</p><br>
<p>The present mill is the most recent of a series of mills that have stood on the site since 1778.</p><br>
<p>Recently the Pocahontas County Historical Society, The Pocahontas County Historic Landmarks Commission, West Virginia Division of Culture and History, The West Virginia State Historic Preservation Office, The Snowshoe Foundation and private individuals have made donations in order to preserve this great building and return it to working order for demonstration purposes.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Hillside Haven Mound (designated 33-Cn-14</p><br>
<p>During a test excavation of the mound and its immediate vicinity, archaeologists from Wilmington College found pieces of Adena pottery around the mound. Judging by findings from other Adena mound sites, the Hillside Haven Mound is believed to be a burial mound built over the body of a leading member of Adena society. Excavations of typical Adena mounds have demonstrated that the Adena culture typically built small log houses around the bodies of their dead leaders, ceremonially burned the houses, and heaped up mounds over the ruins of the houses. Although no detailed excavation has been conducted at Hillside Haven, all evidence found around points to the conclusion that it is a typical Adena mound, with both ceremonial and functional items within.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Hillside Haven Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its value as an archaeological site. As one of the last remaining Native American mounds in Clinton County, it is a rare survivor of Native American prehistory in the region, and its unusually good state of preservation only increases its significance. Contributing to its near-perfect condition is its location along a trail at a campground, which was formerly known as Hillside Haven.</p><br>
<p>Four other Clinton County archaeological sites are listed on the Register: the Hurley and Keiter Mounds, the Cowan Creek Circular Enclosure, and the Beam Farm Woodland Archaeological District.</p><br>
<p>Koch Drug Store is a historic building located in the central part of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is a Victorian style commercial building that was built in 1881. The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Francis J. Koch operated a pharmacy in this building beginning in 1881 and continued here for over a decade. Not only did he operate his business here, but he also lived in the residential space upstairs. A pharmacy occupied the building until the 1920s, after which a variety of businesses were located here. In 2014 a bakery opened in the building that had sat empty for at least five years.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story commercial and residential building occupies a corner lot on a main thoroughfare that leads to Davenport&#39;s Central Business District. It takes advantage of its location with two public façades and a chamfered corner, which is a common feature for corner commercial buildings in Davenport and across Iowa. The building also features a low hipped roof and dormers. The decorative elements are found in the pilasters and brick corbelling between floors at the corner and the west façade and at the cornice level. The storefront has been altered several times and has now been filled in.</p><br>
<p>The Miller Building was a historic building located in the central part of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dr. William Miller built this structure in 1885. He used the first floor for his medical practice and lived in the residential space on the second floor. Other commercial interests also occupied the building over the years. The building was a part of a larger commercial strip on Harrison Street that was torn down in 1985 and subsequently replaced by a modern facility housing a daycare center.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Miller Building was a two-story, brick building. The Late Victorian style structure exemplified the variety of brickwork that was found in Davenport&#39;s commercial architecture. It featured a three-bay façade, cast iron shop front, keystone depressed round-arch windows, and a corbelled cornice. An addition had been built onto the back.</p><br>
<p>Finley Guy Building is a historic building located in central Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Spanish Colonial Revival structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Finley Guy had this building constructed in 1928 to house his drug store. Lorenzen Grocery and Meat Market occupied the second commercial space. The building has housed a rental shop for many years. Guy himself made his home in the second-floor residential space.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Finley Guy Building is noteworthy for its use of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. The style was rarely employed in Davenport and when it was used it is found in residential architecture. The building features heavily textured polychrome face brick and metal casement windows. Both decorative elements are typical of buildings constructed in Davenport in the late 1920s and in the 1930s, but they are generally found in Tudor Revival and Cotswold Cottage styles. The building is also noteworthy for its use of molded concrete decoration. Spiral colonnettes frame windows on the second floor, and tiles with a variety of patterns are found on the parapet level. The concrete window surrounds have a helical pattern. There is also a concrete plaque between the main floor shop windows with a caduceus, which refers to the building&#39;s original use as a drug store.</p><br>
<p>The Beam Farm Woodland Archaeological District is a group of archaeological sites in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located at 3983 Stone Road near the village of Sabina in Clinton County,</p><br>
<p>Although small, the Beam Farm Mound is significant as a well-preserved relic of Native American prehistory. The Beam family, which owns the property on which the district is located, has never permitted any excavation of the mound; while this has prevented conclusive identification of its builders, they have ensured that the mound remains undisturbed and pristine in the fields above the Anderson Fork. The owners and the Ohio Historical Society cooperated to place a historical marker at the site in 2001. Because of the archaeological value of the mound and the other sites, they were declared a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. It joined four other Clinton County sites that were already on the Register: the Cowan Creek Circular Enclosure and the Keiter, Hurley, and Hillside Haven Mounds.</p><br>
<p>Werthman Grocery is located at a commercial intersection in a residential neighborhood in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. While it initially housed a grocery store, the building has been a long time neighborhood tavern. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Werthman opened a grocery store in this building in 1900. Several other members of the Werthman family lived within the one-block area in the early 20th-century. A tavern opened in the building by 1910. It was operated by John J. Bryson who lived in the second-floor apartment. A tavern has been housed here since that time, even during the Prohibition era. In those years it was listed in city directories as selling only "soft drinks".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The neighborhood tavern was and is a fixture in what was a predominantly working class German neighborhood of Davenport. This two-story commercial building capitalizes on its corner location by way of the buildings main entrance that was placed in a chamfered corner. The oriel window on the east side indicates the location of the residential space above the tavern, which was a common feature in many of Davenports small commercial buildings from the 19th and early 20th century. The structure is composed of brick, and it is built on a stone foundation. Its primary decorative feature is the metal cornice, with dentil molding, finials, and ornamental frieze.</p><br>
<p>Wolters Filling Station is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Alfred Wolters built this building to house his filling station in 1930. His son, Dick Wolters, took over the business and operated it as a Standard franchise. The gas pumps were eventually removed and it has been used for other commercial enterprises, including a hair salon.</p><br>
<p>The station was built in an English Cottage style. It features polychrome brick, metal casement windows, a stone-arched doorway, half-timbered gables, and rustic posts and bracings on the drive-thru. The domestic character of the building was typical for filling stations built in the same era. The filling station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Bettendorf–Washington School was a historic building located in Bettendorf, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first school building in what is now Bettendorf was a stone building named the Gilbert School and was built in 1870. It was located near State Street at the foot of 21st Street. Its name derived from its location in the town of Gilbert, as Bettendorf was then known. The town experienced a period of burgeoning growth after its name change in 1903, and it necessitated a larger school building. The citizens of Bettendorf passed a bond referendum in 1908 to build a new school on 16th Street. The new building was called Bettendorf School, and housed pre-school through eighth grade. The old stone schoolhouse became a restaurant and bar and became a gathering place for the areas Armenian immigrants.</p><br>
<p>Three years after the school was built, land was purchased to expand it. Lincoln School was built in Bettendorf in 1917 and this building&#39;s name was changed to Washington School. Davenport architect Arthur Ebeling was hired to design an addition to the building and it was built by Ownes and Bevins. The expansion included four classrooms, an office area, as well as electricity and bathrooms, which were not a part of the original building. The seventh and eighth-grade classes were moved to the new Bettendorf Junior High School in 1951, and sixth grade was moved there in 1963. Moline, Illinois architect William F. Bernbrock designed a 1957 remodeling project that included enclosing the stairways, adding dropped acoustical ceilings, and removal the original slate roof and replacing it with asbestos. Enrollment at the school dropped to 200 students in 1965 and it was down to 120 students when it closed in 1973.</p><br>
<p>After the building was no longer used as a school it was acquired by the city and became known as the Bettendorf Fine Arts Park Board Annex. It was later renamed the Bettendorf Museum, It has since moved to a different location, and the former school building was torn down.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original two-story structure followed a rectangular plan and had walls of tile and brick veneer. It also had a central pavilion that thrust forward from the north front. The entire building, including the pavilion, was capped with a hipped roof and bracketed eaves. The facade was symmetrical with triple window sets that flanked the pavilion on both floors. The main entry was a central double-door in the pavilion that was flanked with a rectangular transom and tall, thin, square cut rectangular side windows. The exterior was covered with two-color brickwork. The foundation was composed of rust-red colored bricks, and lighter brown bricks on the wall mass. The raised basement and its concrete water table was a darker brick color.</p><br>
<p>The 1923 addition reflected changing school design from that era, while it attempted to match the lines and design of the original building. It was slightly shorter and had an identical elevation plan. Its main differences was the yellow brick that was used above the foundation level, and it had six-window bands that ran the length of each floor of the building. The rear wall of the addition replicated the rear wall of the original building with the exception of the entrance at ground level, both of the three window sets were vertically aligned, and corner pilasters were added. Rowlock courses and header courses were employed to outline the plain wall masses on either side of the shallow rear pavilion.</p><br>
<p>An inscription with the schools name, "Bettendorf School," was removed from below the second-floor line in 1917 when its name was changed. The inscription, "Washington School," was removed from the upper pavilion front around 1961. They were both filled in with brick of a different color from the rest of the surface. When the building was adapted for use as a museum it did not lose any more of the buildings fabric.</p><br>
<p>The Eldridge Turn-Halle was an historic building located in Eldridge, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The Tombergs sold the property to the DelVichio family in 1996 and they operated a restaurant and pub in the building until it was destroyed in a fire on January 17, 2013. The remains of the building were torn down in April of the same year.</p><br>
<h2>Turnvereins</h2><br>
<p>Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) was a teacher in Berlin who started outdoor physical education classes in 1811. His twin goals were to promote physical fitness and German nationalism. Over the next three decades gymnastic societies known as Turnvereins were begun in many German cities. Their members were known as “Turners”, the German word for gymnasts. The societies also served as gathering places for people who desired democratic reforms in the governments of the various German states. They supported the revolution that began in 1848 and when it failed they fled to the United States. Many Germans came to Scott County at that time and the county became the home to five Turnvereins, or Turner halls.</p><br>
<p>Cody Road Historic District is located in Le Claire, Iowa, United States. It includes 60 structures along a nine-block stretch of USA Route 67, Cody Road, the primary street through the town. The district contains Le Claire&#39;s main commercial district on the south side of the district and residential area on the north. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first settlers who came to the area that is now Le Claire arrived in the mid-1830s. Two towns were platted on the Mississippi River by the end of that decade, Parkhurst to the north and Le Claire to the south. The narrow strip of land between the two towns was called Middletown. Parkhurst and Middletown were incorporated into Le Claire in the 1850s. The economic life of the area was dependent on the Mississippi. Le Claire sits at the head of a 15 mi stretch of river down to Davenport that is strewn with rocks and was known as the Upper Rapids. Knowledgeable river pilots were required to guide steamboats through the rapids and many of them lived in Le Claire. The home of William Rambo (430 N. Cody Rd.), who was engaged in this endeavor, is located in the district. Other industries included stone quarries and brickyards that were able to utilize the areas wealth of limestone and clay. Grist and lumber mills were also an important element of the economy. The homes of John McCaffrey (208 N. Cody Rd.) and George Tromley, Sr. (806 N. Cody Rd.), who made their living in the lumber industry, are located here. The Le Claire Marine Railway boatyards were established by Thomas Lancaster and Levi Chamberlin in the early 1850s. The boatyards and the accompanying Old Mill House (419 N. Cody Rd.) were bought by J.W. Van Sant in 1862. It grew to become the towns second largest employer after the river. J.W.s son Samuel Rinnah Van Sant made his living off the river at Le Claire before moving to Minnesota where he eventually became the states governor. Samuels house was located at 322 N. Cody Road.</p><br>
<p>The decades at the end of the 19th century saw a decline in Le Claire&#39;s economic fortunes. The mills closed and the railroads replaced the steamboat as the primary form of passenger and commercial transportation. The forests of northern Minnesota and Wisconsin became depleted so the lumber industry declined along the Mississippi. Small-scale commercial ventures continued in Le Claire and the brick commercial blocks along Cody Road were built. The town itself declined in population from 1,121 in 1875 to about 700 by 1910.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>None of the facilities that were associated with Le Claire&#39;s 19th century industries are extent. What remains are commercial and residential structures built between 1850 and 1900 and new construction. The commercial buildings from the 1850s and 1860s were built mostly of locally produced soft brick. The structures are narrow, two-stories in height at street level, with either two or three bays on the main facade. They are capped by either broad, low-pitched gable or half-hip roof or a front-gable. For the most part building foundations are from locally quarried limestone. The buildings on the east side of the street have exposed basements because the land drops steeply to the river at that point. The houses were built in either the Greek Revival style with symmetrical fronts and a gable roof or in a vernacular form of the Italianate style with low hipped roofs and bracketed cornices. The houses were constructed mainly in wood or brick, and rarely in limestone.</p><br>
<p>Most of the commercial buildings from the later decades of the 19th century are brick Italianate structures that feature flat roofs and parapetted fronts. Some of them have metal cornices, which were popular in many Iowa commercial districts of that era. Houses from this period featured styles that were popular in the late Victorian era: Queen Anne, Eastiake, Shingle, as well as the Italianate. There are also a couple of small bungalows and plain, L-shaped front-gable houses. The tallest structure is the three-story Bard Hotel (207 N. Cody Road). The old Le Claire city hall at 201-203 N. Cody has a concave hipped roof, pedimented window hoods, and a decorative cornice. The former Presbyterian Church, located at 322 N. Cody Road, is the only historic church building in the district. It is a small frame structure that is four bays long with a central entrance tower on the front.</p><br>
<p>The Oak Lane Historic District is located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984. The historic district is a residential area that stretches along Oak Lane between High Street on the north and East Locust Street on the south. There are 27 houses that make up the district. Twenty-three houses are located on Oak Lane and four are on Locust Street, the three immediately to the west of Oak Lane and one immediately to the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Amos Cutter, a local real estate entrepreneur, developed the Oak Lane Addition from about 1900 to 1910. Previously the land had been used for agricultural purposes. Oak Lane reflected a prosperous, middle-class reputation. It also reflected the growing American identity of the citys population in the early 20th century instead of the old European ethnic divisions that marked the neighborhoods that were developed in the 19th century. It also marked the expansion of the city away from the Mississippi River. This was possible, in part, due to the expansion of the citys streetcar lines. Locust Street, on the south side of the neighborhood, was a major streetcar route in the city.</p><br>
<p>The houses closer to Locust Street are larger, more stylish and were home to fairly well-to-do professionals. They included William Kellenberger, who was the manager of Tri-City Litho and Printing Co. Dr. William Alien, M.D. Horace Roberts, who was the treasurer and general manager of the Gordon-Van Tine Company; Moritz Landauer, of the Simon & Landauer clothing store; Martin L. Parker, who was secretary and treasurer for the M.L. Parker & Company department store; and Oscar C. Woods, who was the president of a wholesale fruit and produce business the Martin-Woods Company. At the other end of Oak Lane near High Street is the location of the more modest houses that were built on narrower lots. They housed families who were headed by salesmen, clerks, and blue-collar workers.</p><br>
<p>There are two known architect-designed houses in the district. Chicago architect William A. Otis designed a Georgian Revival house at 17 Oak Lane. Davenport architect Gustav Hanssen designed the Georgian Revival Oscar Woods House at 720 East Locust Street. He may have also designed the neighboring Julia Roberts House (726) and the George Johnson House (810) based on similarities of form and facade treatment, but that cannot be confirmed.</p><br>
<p>For his part, Cutter would go on to develop the McClellan Heights neighborhood beginning in 1906. Like Oak Lane he would move into a house in the new development as he sold and developed the other lots.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architecture of the Oak Lane neighborhood reflects the styles that were popular at the turn of the 20th century in Davenport.</p><br>
<p>This was a period of transition from the Victorian styles, especially Queen Anne, to the Colonial Revival styles. The three prominent houses along East Locust are noteworthy examples of Davenports Georgian Revival/Federal style houses. The oldest house in the neighborhood is an Italianate house at 10 Oak Lane that was built about 1875 and came with the property. It became Cutters residence as the addition was being developed. The newest house in the neighborhood was built at 36 Oak Lane around 1922. It is one of the more modest houses on the north side of the development.</p><br>
<p>The Warner Apartment Building was an historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Dr. Fay L. Warner, a dentist, had the structure built in 1900 and lived here himself until 1908. A relative of his, Fred Warner, lived here in later years and managed the building. The three-story brick structure was one of the most distinguished apartment blocks in Davenport. The building featured a picturesque façade that was typical of Victorian era architecture. The round arch entrances were below ogee-arched moldings. At the top was a deep corbelled cornice frieze. The five sections of the main façade were articulated by full-height octagonal bays. The building was also banded by flat and projecting string courses. The building was on a raised lot and had a low, stone retaining wall at the sidewalk. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and has subsequently been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Schauder Hotel was a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was built in the Italianate style facing the Mississippi River, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Louis Schauder built the hotel in 1876. At the time it was one of five hotels in a two-block section of West Front Street (now West River Drive). Schauder also operated the neighboring Perry Hotel. A saloon and music hall operated in the hotel by the 1880s. The hotel continued in operation until the turn of the 20th-century. It, along with the neighboring Clifton-Metropolitan Hotel, the J.H.C. Petersens Sons Wholesale Building and the Schicks Express and Transfer Co., were torn down to make way for a public parking structure. It was delisted from the National Register in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The three-story commercial building featured a four-bay facade above the ground floor. The tall, narrow windows with the decorative window hoods on the second and third floors expressed the Italianate style. The ground floor had been updated in later years and the original cornice was either partially removed or replaced.</p><br>
<p>The Fayette County Courthouse in West Union, Iowa, United States was built in 1923. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The current courthouse is the third facility to house court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first courthouse in Fayette County was brick building measuring 40 x in West Union constructed for $8,000. A prisoner in the jail facilities set fire to the structure as he escaped in 1872. Another courthouse was built two years later. Because of growth in the county it had a successions of additions and improvements between 1894-1896. In 1922, this courthouse was also destroyed in a fire and work began quickly to replace it. The cornerstone of current facility was laid June 21, 1923 and it was dedicated October 8, 1924, with a final cost of $299,000. The Beaux-Arts building, designed by John G. Ralston, is three stories with a raised basement and is faced in Bedford Stone. Large pilasters separate window bays on the second and third stories and the building is accessed through solid bronze doors. At opening, the building housed a room displaying memorabilia from the Grand Army of the Republic.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin County Courthouse in Hampton, Iowa, United States was built in 1891. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third facility to house court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Initially, Franklin County business was enacted in the home of Judge James B. Reeve. County commissioners selected a place called Jefferson as the county seat in deference to Judge Reeve who was from Jefferson, Ohio. However, one county commissioner disagreed with the proposal and Hampton became the county seat. Commissioners constructed a frame building in 1857 to serve as the first courthouse. They later sold it to a church, which used it as a home and stable. County records were kept at a school until a new courthouse built of stone was constructed in the middle of the square. It measured 48 x and cost $12,500. The present Romanesque Revival building, by architect T. D. Allen, was completed in 1891 at a cost of $60,000.</p><br>
<p>The Howard County Courthouse in Cresco, Iowa, United States was built in 1880. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Howard County was organized in 1855 the county judge named Vernon Springs to be the county seat. Later in the year he ordered that the court and all county records be moved to Howard Center. New Oregon wanted the county seat there, but Pikes Peak was chosen by a committee instead. A courthouse was built there in 1859. As the county grew a new courthouse was needed and Cresco made a bid to build it in their town. The county board of supervisors accepted the bid and a courthouse was built there in 1876. It was destroyed in a fire and the present courthouse was begun in 1879 and completed a year later. The Italianate structure was built of red and buff colored bricks. Two additions were made to the building in 1964. Even though these additions mar it a bit, this is one of the last remaining courthouses in Iowa utilizing the Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>The 23rd Regiment Armory is a historic National Guard armory building located at 1322 Bedford Avenue between Atlantic Avenue and Pacific Street in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. It was built in 1891-95 and was designed in the Romanesque Revival style by Fowler & Hough, local Brooklyn architects, and Isaac Perry, the architect for New York State, which financed the construction.</p><br>
<p>The building is a brick and stone castle-like structure designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe. It consists of a three-story administration building with an attached drill shed. It is constructed of deep red pressed brick, brownish red Potsdam stone, and red terra cotta detail. It features a series of circular corner towers, the tallest of which is 136 feet in height.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, the building was rented by William Randolph Hearst for use as studio space for his Cosmopolitan Productions after the company&#39;s own facilities were destroyed by a fire on February 19, 1923.</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1977, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Currently, the building is used as a mens homeless shelter under New York Citys Department of Homeless Services.</p><br>
<p>Monte Argentera is a mountain in the Maritime Alps, in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont, northern Italy. With an elevation of 3,297 m, it is the highest peak in the range.</p><br>
<p>The peak is located in the upper Valle Gesso, on the boundary between the municipalities of Entracque and Valdieri. Geologically, it is formed by gneiss of various composition, with local outcrops of granite.</p><br>
<h2>SOIUSA classification</h2><br>
<p>According to the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Western Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=South Western Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Maritime Alps</p><br>
<p>subsection=Alpi Marittime</p><br>
<p>supergroup=Catena Argentera-Pépoiri-Matto</p><br>
<p>group=Gruppo dell&#39;Argentera</p><br>
<p>subgroup=Massiccio dell&#39;Argentera</p><br>
<p>code=I/A-2.1-B.6.a</p><br>
<p>Enciastraia  is a mountain in the Maritime Alps, on the boundary between the province of Cuneo  and the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte-dAzur.</p><br>
<h2>SOIUSA classification</h2><br>
<p>According to the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Western Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=South Western Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Maritime Alps</p><br>
<p>subsection=(Fr:Alpes Maritimes d.l.s.l./It:Alpi Marittime)</p><br>
<p>supergroup=(Fr:Chaîne Corborant-Ténibre-Enchastraye/It:Catena Corborant-Tenibres-Enciastraia)</p><br>
<p>group=(Fr:Massif Enchastraye-Siguret/It:Gruppo Enciastraia-Siguret)</p><br>
<p>subgroup=(Fr:Groupe de lEnchastraye/It:Gruppo dellEnciastraia)</p><br>
<p>code=I/A-2.1-C.12.a</p><br>
<p>Rocca dei Tre Vescovi  is a mountain in the Maritime Alps, on the boundary between the province of Cuneo  and the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d&#39;Azur.</p><br>
<p>Located near the Maddalena Pass, it is joined to the nearby Enciastraia peak by a ridge. The name, meaning "Rock of the Three Bishops", derives from the fact that the mount is on the intersection point of three Catholic dioceses, those of Cuneo, Nice and Digne.</p><br>
<h2>SOIUSA classification</h2><br>
<p>According to the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Western Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=South Western Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Maritime Alps</p><br>
<p>subsection=(Fr:Alpes Maritimes d.l.s.l./It:Alpi Marittime)</p><br>
<p>supergroup=(Fr:Chaîne Corborant-Ténibre-Enchastraye/It:Catena Corborant-Tenibres-Enciastraia)</p><br>
<p>group=(Fr:Massif Enchastraye-Siguret/It:Gruppo Enciastraia-Siguret)</p><br>
<p>subgroup=(Fr:Groupe de lEnchastraye/It:Gruppo dellEnciastraia)</p><br>
<p>code=I/A-2.1-C.12.a</p><br>
<p>Al-Rawda  is a tell, or archaeological settlement mound, in the Syrian steppe, east of Hama. It was a large urban site with city walls and several temples, occupied between 2400–2000 BC. A French–Syrian mission has been excavating the site since 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History of research</h2><br>
<p>Al-Rawda was discovered in 1996 during an archaeological survey of the region east of Hama. Following this survey, a more intensive survey project was initiated focusing on a microregion of 100 km&sup2; centred on Al-Rawda. Excavations at the site itself started in 2002 and are carried out by a French–Syrian mission. The excavations have focused on the circular walls, the northern gate of the town, the temple and the nearby necropolis. In addition to the excavations, a magnetometric prospection, a method that allows the detection of walls in the ground without excavating them, was carried out in the area within the city walls in 2003. The Al-Rawda project is sponsored by the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the Syrian Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums and co-directed by Corinne Castel and Nazir Awad.</p><br>
<h2>The site and its environment</h2><br>
<p>Al-Rawda is located 80 km east of Hama. Both now and in the past, the area received less than 200 mm of rainfall per year, which means that reliable agriculture without irrigation is impossible. The survey of the microregion around Al-Rawda revealed that the site is located in a fayda, a depression that collects runoff water from a wide region, and next to a wadi. Al-Rawda was surrounded by hydrological installations intended to harness runoff water for irrigation. The site itself is an almost circular tell with a maximum height of 2 m. The area inside the circular city walls measures 11 hectare, totalling to 15 – if the city walls are included, with an additional outer town of 4 hectare. The southwestern part of the site is occupied by modern houses.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation history</h2><br>
<p>The site was occupied for a relatively short period during the late third and early second millennium BC, roughly coinciding with the Early Bronze IV period. It was founded around 2400 BC and finally abandoned in circa 2000 BC. The magnetometric survey revealed a circular street pattern with streets radiating away from the centre of the site. Both the temple and the circular street pattern find parallels in Tell Chuera, located in a similar environment to the northeast of Al-Rawda. At least three temples were identified, of which one has been excavated. The largest temple excavated had an entrance with a columned front porch, a square cella and faces a 50 m long sacred enclosure to the outside. Offerings that were found in this temple include alabaster from Egypt, lapis lazuli from Afghanistan and agate from India. The city was defended by a double rampart built of mudbricks on a stone foundation and two ditches. The town was accessible through five gates.</p><br>
<p>The urban site indicates that it was a part of several trade networks of different scales. Al-Rawda probably served as a stopping place for caravans that crossed the plateau between the Euphrates valley and the region of Qatna. The site also served as a religious center for the region, and it played a major part in the development of extensive pastoralism and wool production at the end of the third millennium BC.</p><br>
<h3>The necropolis</h3><br>
<p>The necropolis is situated close to the site but outside the agricultural zone. Among the 97 tombs found, 54 were shaft tombs –intended for multiple burials and cut into the limestone crust of the plateau, 25 were simple cist tombs and 17 were circle tombs.</p><br>
<p>Grand Lake is a lake in the Ottawa River drainage basin in the geographic townships of Barron and Stratton in the Unorganized South Part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.</p><br>
<p>The lake is long and narrow and lies in an east-west orientation, mostly in Barron Township except for the southeastern end which is in Stratton Township; it is entirely within Algonquin Provincial Park. The primary inflows are the Barron River from its source at Clemow Lake at the west and Carcajou Creek at the large Carcajou Bay at the southeast, and primary outflow is the Barron River, controlled by the Grand Lake Dam, which flows at the east to Stratton Lake and further via the Petawawa River to the Ottawa River.</p><br>
<p>Grand Lake is crossed in the middle by the originally Canadian Northern Railway, later Canadian National Railway, main line, now abandoned. The Achray park campground, formerly a station on the railway, is located on the north shore, and the unincorporated place of Hydro is on the former railway line at the western tip of the lake, near where a Hydro One hydroelectricity transmission line passes.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Barron River</p><br>
<p>Carcajou Creek (right)</p><br>
<p>Johnston Creek (left)</p><br>
<p>Rowan Creek (left)</p><br>
<p>Borutski Creek (left)</p><br>
<p>Depot Creek (left)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In Des Moines’ early years (1851-1870) the city council met in churches, schools, homes and stores. In that time period the population of the city grew from 1,500 to more than 12,000. The city council approved the construction of a two-room log building in 1869 to serve the needs of the fire department and city business. It was built the following year at the corner of Second and Walnut Streets.</p><br>
<p>In ten years the city’s population grew by another 10,000 people. In 1880 the city council decided to build a new city hall and a separate building for the police and fire departments next door. It was built in 1882 on the corner of Locust Street and Second Avenue. The city failed to maintain the building adequately, and it was too small to serve its needs, a new building was needed.</p><br>
<p>Des Moines had also grown in size. Its population was 86,000 in 1910 and it covered 65 square miles. In 1907 the city council decided to construct a new city hall. A location was chosen on the east side of the Des Moines River between Grand Avenue and Locust Street. A new bridge on Locust Street was planned to open in 1909. Streets in the area had also been raised 3–4 feet to lessen the impact of flooding.</p><br>
<p>The Des Moines architectural firm Proudfoot & Bird was hired to design the new structure. Because of recent corruption in city politics they were tasked to design a building that would define an open and honest government. It was also to be large enough to house all city departments except the fire department. The building should also allow citizens to see and hear city business being transacted. To help create a new image the buildings name was to be called the Municipal Building rather than city hall.</p><br>
<p>Legal challenges to a bond referendum were made in 1907-1908. A referendum was passed by voters in April 1908. But because women were forbidden to vote Mary J. Coggeshall sued the city for the right of women to vote based on an 1894 state law that allowed women to vote on issues, but not candidates. Grace Ballentyne, the state’s first female lawyer, argued the case before the Iowa Supreme Court. They won and a new referendum was held in November 1908, and it once again passed.</p><br>
<p>A division occurred in the city council when new members wanted a say as to who the architect would be. In July 1909 the mayor offered a compromise that allowed each member of the council to select an architectural firm to work on the project. The firms were known as the “Associated Architects,” and included: Liebbe, Nourse and Rasmussen, Hallett & Rawson, Wetherell & Gage, and Proudfoot & Bird.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone for the new building was laid on June 14, 1910. Charles Weitz’ Sons Construction Company of Des Moines built the building. It was opened to the public on January 1, 1912. Over the years only a few changes were made to the physical structure, which continues to serve the city government.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Des Moines City Hall is a three-story Beaux Arts style building. It is 77 feet wide by 231 feet long. Most of the plans that were drawn up by Proudfoot & Bird were used by the Associated Architects in the final plans. It is a brick structure built on a concrete foundation. The exterior is clad in granite up to four feet and then rest is Bedford stone, which was chosen to match the Public Library of Des Moines and the post office on the west bank of the river. The floors in the vestibules, entrances, public halls and council chambers are covered in marble. Polished Tennessee marble was used for the wainscoting in the public halls, entrances and the Main Hall. Interior woodwork is composed of white oak.</p><br>
<p>The Des Moines Public Library is an historic building in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States that was built in 1903. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and became a contributing property in the Civic Center Historic District in 1988. The building ceased to be a library in 2006 and now houses the Norman E. BorlaugWorld Food Prize Hall of Laureates for the World Food Prize.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Des Moines Library Association was formed in 1866 in the basement of a Methodist church. It was supported through private contributions and public charity until 1882 when its services were taken over by the city of Des Moines because of precarious finances. In 1898, the city bought property on the Des Moines River for $35,000. The cornerstone for the library building was laid in 1900 and it was opened in October 1903.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, the library became the home of the Cumming School of Art. It was the birthplace of the Library Bill of Rights in 1938 when the library was under the direction of Forrest Spaulding. It was meant to fight against “growing intolerance, suppression of free speech and censorship affecting the rights of minorities and individuals.” The Boys and Girls Department opened in 1937 and the Music Department began in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, it was determined that the library building was too small and lacked the necessary technology capacity. London architect David Chipperfield was chosen to design a new library on Grand Avenue, and it opened on April 8, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The building was acquired by The World Food Prize for its use. The building was renamed in honor of Cresco, Iowa native Norman Borlaug, who founded the award which recognizes those who have made contributions in all fields involved in the world food supply. Gensler Architecture, Design and Planning, RDG Planning & Design and Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architecture are involved in renovating the building. It will serve as a museum to recognize great achievements in agriculture, a convocation center that will hold the World Food Prize International Symposium, a home for the Global Youth Institute, an educational facility that will feature interactive displays on hunger and food security and a conference center and community hall.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Des Moines architects Gutterson & Smith designed the Beaux Arts style building. It was constructed of salmon pink, Minnesota limestone. A mural was painted on the ground floor of the library by Des Moines artist, Harry Donald Jones. It was a project of the Works Progress Administration. The mural covers 1,091 ft&sup2; and portrays the development of Des Moines from pre-historic times to the 20th century. The building originally featured a fountain and stone steps, which were removed in 1955.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hugh Neave is a mountain in east-central British Columbia, Canada, located between Hobson Lake to the west and Goat Creek to the south. Situated in the Cariboo Mountains of the Columbia Mountains, it is the seventh highest mountain in Wells Gray Provincial Park with an elevation of 2,829 m.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>Mount Hugh Neave is named for Hugh Neave (1909-1988) who was a mountaineer, rock climber and backcountry explorer of Wells Gray Park from 1966 to 1987. He was a latecomer among the explorers of Wells Gray Park, but he was drawn by the scenery and the challenge of mountaineering, rather than by the wealth of mining, trapping or guiding. In 1966, he made his first expedition to the Huntley-Buchanan Ridge north of Azure Lake and was a regular visitor to those peaks for the next 20 years.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, Neave and Peter Cowan of New Zealand attempted to climb Mount Hugh Neave via the Hobson Glacier east of the peak. They reached an elevation of 2,400 m on its south side, but ran short of time for an Azure Lake boat rendezvous and had to retreat through the Goat Creek valley. In those years, the boat did not pass several times a day as it does now, so missing an arranged meeting could have meant a long wait for the next boat arrival.</p><br>
<p>Neave organized three expeditions to Garnet Peak, Wells Gray Park&#39;s third highest mountain, which were all turned back by severe weather. He blazed the first trail from Azure Lake to Huntley Col and improved it with each trip. Today, it is the only trail from the lakeshore and is maintained by its users. Finally, in 1974 at the age of 65, Neave launched his fourth expedition with Barb Hargreaves and Tor Schmid, and they achieved the first ascent of Garnet Peak. Neave named the mountain for the small garnets he found in rock formations near the summit.</p><br>
<p>Neave also travelled around the world seeking mountaineering adventures. In 1978 he led a month-long expedition to the Andes of Peru, in 1986 he canoed the Yukon River from Whitehorse to Dawson City, and his last major expedition was a 1987 trek in the Himalayas at age 78. Neave died in 1988 and Mount Hugh Neave was named the following year in recognition of his climbs in northern Wells Gray Park. Later in 1988, members of the Kamloops Mountaineering Club carried his ashes to the top of Garnet Peak.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The Kamloops Mountaineering Club organized two expeditions during the 1990s with the goal of reaching the summit of Mount Hugh Neave. Both flew to Hobson Lake and started the climb from the sandspit about halfway up the lake. They reached the alpine meadows both times after a rigorous bushwhack, but were turned back by severe weather conditions. It is possible that Mount Hugh Neave has never been climbed. One of the major challenges is the climb through dense forest and undergrowth from Hobson Lake. Helicopters and float planes require a permit from B.C. Parks to land at Hobson Lake and no other landing sites closer to the mountain are allowed.</p><br>
<p>On topographical maps, a route up Goat Creek to the base of Mount Hugh Neave appears feasible. The Neave/Cowan expedition of 1972 proved the opposite during their forced retreat to Azure Lake. Neave described Goat Creek in his diary, "It is usually a matter of fighting a recurrent medley of slide alder, devil’s club, scrub growth and a vast jumble of rotting deadfall, eked out by beaver swamps along the valley bottom." His advice to future climbers: "Remember the going will always be tough, daily mileages will be much less than expected, a nose for route finding in poor visibility is essential, and a search and rescue operation will have a minimal chance of success."</p><br>
<p>After a 20-year hiatus, the fourth expedition to Mount Hugh Neave was launched in July 2015. Members were Fraser Neave, Hugh Neave&#39;s grandson, Fred Erler and Ken Kram. They reached an altitude of 2,444 m on the southwest ridge and were turned back by a deep impassable cleft. Since the northwest ridge has technical challenges and the eastern approach is impracticable due to the helicopter ban, there are no plans for another expedition.</p><br>
<p>The Sidney Walnut Avenue Historic District is a neighborhood and historic district on the western side of the city of Sidney, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<p>Fifteen houses compose the district, which is located on the sides and top of a small hill. the majority of the districts houses were built in the last years of the nineteenth century, and most houses in the neighborhood that are significantly older were extensively modified at that time. During the late nineteenth century, Sidney was passing through a period of transformation: since its establishment in 1820, its identity was that of a small county seat in an agricultural region, but by the end of the century, institutions such as the Peoples Federal Savings and Loan Association were causing it to gain prominence in commerce, industry, and banking. Leading members of the citys society, such as factory owners, bankers, and businessmen built large homes on the hillside along Walnut Avenue, and it became known as the citys élite residential neighborhood. merchant Elias Griffis, garden company owner Bernard Wagner, and educator Herbert McVay.</p><br>
<p>At the end of 1983, the Sidney Walnut Avenue Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The district qualified for inclusion under two separate criteria: it was eligible because of its place in local history, and it was similarly eligible because of the distinctive historic architecture of the buildings within its boundaries. It was the last of Shelby County&#39;s three historic districts to be added to the Register, following the Lockington Locks by fourteen years and the Sidney Courthouse Square by three years.</p><br>
<p>Monte Clapier  is a mountain in the Maritime Alps, on the boundary between the province of Cuneo  and the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d&#39;Azur.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is part of the Mercantour massif.</p><br>
<p>Monte Clapier is home to the southernmost glacier in the Alps, located on the Italian side at some 40 km from the sea. Furthermore, it is the southernmost mountain in the Alps exceeding 3000 meters in height.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologically, the mountain is formed by granitoid gneiss, with outcrops of amphibolic agmatites (granitoid migmatites).</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>It may be climbed from the Refuge Nice in around two-and-a-half to three hours, initially northward along a narrow path towards the Lacs de Mont Clapier, then eastward along a cairned route (no path visible) across rough, bouldered ground.</p><br>
<h2>View</h2><br>
<p>The view is extensive stretching from the Mediterranean to the south to the high Alps to the northeast. Monte Viso is prominent to the north and 4000m peaks like the Matterhorn, Monte Rosa and the Weissmies, and even Corsica, are visible on clear days.</p><br>
<p>Public School 9 and Public School 9 Annex are two historic school buildings located at 249 and 251 Sterling Place, respectively, at Vanderbilt Avenue in the Prospect Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City.</p><br>
<p>Public School 9 consists of a central, two-story gabled section flanked by two-story wings. The central section dates to 1867–68 and was designed by Samuel B. Leonard in the Early Romanesque Revival style. The two wings were added in 1887 and were designed by James W. Naughton. The school was originally Public School 9, later becoming Public School 111, and currently P.S. 340.</p><br>
<p>Public School 9 Annex was necessitated by the continued population growth of Prospect Heights, which caused overcrowding in the original school. The building has been converted into condominium apartments under the name "P.S. 9".</p><br>
<p>Both buildings were separately designated New York City Landmarks in 1978, as "Public School 9" and "Public School 9 Annex" and were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, as "Public School 111 and Public School 9 Annex"</p><br>
<p>Raratoka Island  is a small island 86 hectare in Foveaux Strait off the coast of Stewart Island / Rakiura, New Zealand. It is located 25 km north of Stewart island&#39;s northernmost point, Black Rock Point, and 15 km southwest of the Southland town of Riverton on the South Island mainland. Several small reefs surround the island, notably Escape Reefs, 5 km to the east, and Hapuka Rock, 2 km to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>The island was named by Māori after the Island of Rarotonga, and is the Southern Māori form of the same word, meaning "beneath the south" or "south wind".</p><br>
<p>Raratoka Island is used as an island sanctuary, with the Department of Conservation releasing 15 captive bred birds in 2006 after eradicating the population of Polynesian rats. The island contains a lighthouse and a small airstrip.</p><br>
<p>Jabal es Saaïdé , Jabal es Saaide, Jabal as Sa`idah, Jabal as Sa`īdah, Jebal Saaidé, Jebel Saaidé or Jabal Saaidé is a Mountain in Lebanon near the inhabited village of Saaïdé, approximately 12 km northeast of Baalbek, Lebanon.</p><br>
<p>Saaidé I & Saaidé II are archaeological sites of note in this area. In the summer of 1966, the Lebanese Army dug a trench at Saaidé I, and recovered a large number of tools and lithics including sickles, grinders, scrapers, chisels, awls and blades suggested to date to the PPNB or PPNA. Jacques Besançon & Francis Hours later discovered a Palaeolithic layer below the Neolithic level, recovering knives, arrowheads, scrapers and retouched blades along with a fragment of a small, flat, cutting axe.</p><br>
<p>Saaidé II, almost 0.25 hectare in size, was first excavated in 1969 by Bruce Schroeder from the University of Toronto who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of mortars and pestles, scrapers, chisels, borers, retouched microliths, geometric and non-geometric microliths. One grave was found with some tiny skull fragments from an adult aged 45–50 years. Local fauna consisted of turtles, birds (duck, goose, eagle) and mammals (badger, lynx, deer, ox, gazelle, sheep and goat). Jebal Saaidé is the only pre-agricultural village found in Lebanon to date. Inhabitants seem to have hunted different animals including lynx, red deer, gazelle, and some aquatic and migratory birds.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Besançon, J. Hours, F. Une coupe dans le quaternaire récent. Saaidé I (Beqaa centrale, Liban), Hannon, 5, 29-61, 1970.</p><br>
<p>Hours, F. Lépipaléolithique au Liban. Resultats acquis en 1975, Colloque III, UISPP 1976, 9ème Congrès de lUISPP, Nice, 130-196, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Schroeder, H.B., Natufian in the Central Béqaa Valley, Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 43-80, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.</p><br>
<p>Copeland, L., Natufian Sites in Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27-42,International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991</p><br>
<p>Ofer Bar-Yosef, François Raymond Valla. The Natufian culture in the Levant, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.</p><br>
<p>Soliveres, O., « Restes humains natoufiens du Jebal Saaidé (Epipaléolithique du Liban) », Paléorient, 3, p. 293-294, 1975-1976-1977.</p><br>
<p>Churcher, P., « The vertebrate fauna from the Natufian level at Jebel es-Saaïde (Saaïde II), Lebanon », Paléorient, 20/2, p. 35-58, 1994,</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The House at Springdell is a house built in the eighteenth century in the tiny hamlet of Springdell, Pennsylvania in West Marlborough Township, Chester County. The houses design is essentially unaltered from the original "Penn Plan," which was a vernacular design advocated by William Penn about 1700 as an economical house adapted to his new proprietary colony. The remains of a mills tail race can be seen in the back yard, with Doe Run Creek, a tributary of West Brandywine Creek, about 15 yards behind the house. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house consists of a basement, which formerly served as a kitchen, and two stories with two rooms each, front and back. The exterior walls are stuccoed stone, the two interior walls are made of simple wooden planking. A steep winding stair centered on the west wall ascends from the basement to the second story. Each of the above-ground rooms has a fireplace, which are now closed off. Electricity and a furnace were installed in the house about 1950. A porch leads to the front (south) entrance. A door on the north wall leads to the basement.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hamlet of Springdell now includes about 18 houses, but previously had a station on the Pomeroy and Newark Railroad, post office, mill, and perhaps a dozen houses. The post office, which operated from 1893-1910, could not be named Springdell because another post office in Pennsylvania used that name. It was named Derbydown, according to local legend, following intense debate when a hat fell from a table.</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolution the house was used as a tenant house for the Passmore farm, and was reportedly occupied by the mother of James Fitzpatrick. James was a deserter from the Continental Army who was nearly captured at his mother&#39;s house. He later joined with the British Army under General Howe and fought in the nearby Battle of Brandywine. He then helped the British pillage the area. In September, 1778 he was captured and hung by the Continental Army.</p><br>
<p>Greenacre is a historical house in Farmington, Maine. It is set on a large lot bounded by Court, Fountain, and Orchard Streets, northeast of Farmington&#39;s downtown area. Built in 1880, it is one of the largest and most ornate 19th-century houses in Franklin County. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Greenacre is set near the back of a large lot which slopes upward from Court Street toward Orchard Street. It is a two-story wood frame structure set on a granite foundation, with a hip roof. Its most prominent feature is a square three-story tower, which rises near the center of the front (south-facing) facade. The main entrance is in the first of two bays to the right of the tower, while there are three bays to its left. A single-story porch extends across the front. The first two levels of the tower have bay windows in front, while the third level has smaller sash windows on all four faces. The building&#39;s roof line is decorated with Italianate brackets, and windows are capped by carved lintels with entablature. The property also includes a period carriage house, which is joined to the house by a single-story ell.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Greenacre was built by Joseph Thwing, a tanner, in 1880. Thwing sold the property in 1894 to Franklin Clark, who was responsible for enlarging it by the addition of bays on the sides. In 1919 Clark&#39;s estate sold the property to Harold Titcomb. Titcomb was an internationally renowned mining engineer, who traveled widely and had married an Englishwoman. The Titcombs decorated their home with antiques and cultural artifacts acquired on their travels. They also frequently entertained, and Greenacre (which was given its name by the Titcombs) was a fashionable social center in the community. Titcomb was also a skilled archer, who was the first American member of the Royal Toxophilite Society and was its president at his death in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The Dallas County Courthouse in Adel, Iowa, United States was built in 1902. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and is a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The current structure is the fourth building to house court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dallas County’s first courthouse was a cabin constructed of cottonwood logs and served the county from 1848-1853. Leaders constructed a second courthouse that served for five years when they constructed a third facility. It was a two-story brick structure measuring 64 x, and was built for $20,000. In November 1900, county voters authorized $85,000 to construct the current courthouse. It is four-floors and was dedicated in September 1902.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse, designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot & Bird, was modeled on a French castle and cost $109,243. Statues of the goddess of Justice flank the main entrance. A renovation project began in 2005 to deal with structural issues has restored of the rotunda and also addressed cosmetic concerns such as repainting interior spaces in their original color schemes and installing new light fixtures to match the wrought iron of the Grand Stair Case. The final stage of the project is an $80,000 restoration of the artwork on the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The Page County Courthouse in Clarinda, Iowa, United States was built in 1887. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the fourth building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first building erected to house county business in Page County was destroyed, along with county records, in a fire in 1858. Two years prior to that a two-story frame building was constructed as a courthouse, but the building proved inadequate and court was held in churches and school buildings. In 1873 a simple building was constructed on the town square in Clarinda for $7,456.</p><br>
<p>The foundations for the current courthouse were laid in 1885 and the building, completed in 1887, cost $86,500 to construct. The state fire marshal ordered the removal of the clock tower in 1950 because of falling bricks. It was removed in 1951 and replaced with a wrought iron railing and flag pole. The courthouse was gutted in a fire on December 11, 1991. A bond issue was passed by voters in August 1992 for $875,000 and another $175,000 in private donations was raised to replace the clock tower. The restored courthouse was rededicated on June 5, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Douglass House is a hotel located at the corner of Sheldon Avenue and Isle Royale Street in Houghton, Michigan. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Douglass House was a three-story frame structure built in 1860 on the corner of Isle Royale and Montezuma Streets, with a garden stretching to Shelden. The hotel had 50 rooms for out-of-town visitors, and the dance hall and dining room served as the social center of Houghton. In 1899, a group of Houghton-area investors, headed by John C. Mann, incorporated the Douglass House Company and purchased the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The group hired Henry L. Ottenheimer of Chicago to design the structure and Paul K. F. Mueller of Chicago to construct it. The new addition cost $125,000 to build and another $30,000 to $40,000 to furnish, and doubled the capacity of the hotel from 50 to 100 rooms. In 1901, the original frame hotel located on the site burned down. In 1902, an addition to the present hotel was constructed on the site by Herman Gundlack of Chicago.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the Douglass House was converted to apartments. The first-floor bar remains intact.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Douglass House is a four-story Italian Renaissance hotel constructed of buff-colored brick. The hotel is built on a sloping lot, so that the structure height measured from street level increases from two stories in the rear to four stories in the front. The front facade features towers at the corners, which are not included in Ottenheimer&#39;s original architectural plans. A loggia with gold cupolas stretches across the front. The facade is trimmed with white-glazed terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>The original hotel had an entrance on Isle Royale Street, leading to a lobby level one floor above the Shelden Avenue street level. The Shelden Avenue side had stores along the first floor; the remainder of the first floor had a bar and card rooms. The lobby level had a main desk, two lobbies, as well as a telegraph office and a sitting room. The upper two floors contained guest rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Lockington Locks are a group of canal locks on the former Miami and Erie Canal in Lockington, Ohio, United States. Built beginning in 1833, the locks opened for regular use in 1845. The system consists of seven locks: six together at one end, and a seventh at the southern end. Along with features such as basins to allow canal boats to turn around, the locks stretch for 3.75 mi between Lockington in far southern Shelby County and Washington Township in far northern Miami County.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>As constructed, the locks were at the southern end of the Loramie Summit, which stretches 21 mi from Lockington north to New Bremen. Lockington was a leading point on the canal: besides its locks, the village is the site of the junction of the canal with Loramie Creek, which it originally spanned with an aqueduct, and the village lay at the end of a feeder line that brought large amounts of water from the Lewistown Reservoir near Ohios highest point in nearby Logan County. This small canal was designed to meet the main line at Lockington because the Summit included the canals highest elevation of 944 ft above sea level. As canal boats came north to Lockington, they were lifted by 67 ft: Lock 48, 10 ft; Lock 49, 11 ft; Lock 50, 11 ft; Lock 51, 11 ft; Lock 52, 12 ft; and Lock 53, 12 ft. Boats would typically take several hours to pass through the locks; as a result, the village of Lockington (originally named "Locksport") was founded to provide services to idle boatsmen and passengers. The individual locks at Lockington were constructed of large limestone blocks weighing as much as 500 lb; their floors were wooden, and their gates were made of the wood of the white oak.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>The most prosperous point in the history of Ohio&#39;s canal system was reached in 1855. After that year, revenues fell steadily because of competition from railroads; even small communities such as Lockington had railroad stations, and the only water that flows through the locks is runoff from heavy rains. The countryside surrounding the locks is scenic enough that the future may see the conversion of its towpath into a hiking trail.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1969, the Lockington Locks were listed on the National Register of Historic Places, becoming the first location to receive this distinction either in Miami County or in Shelby County. Other canal-related sites in both counties were later added to the Register: the Piqua Historical Area State Memorial and the Twin Arch Stone Culvert in Miami County were listed in 1971 and 1978 respectively, and the Turtle Creek Culvert and Embankment in Shelby County was listed in 1978, although it was removed from the Register just seven years later. The locks qualified for inclusion on the Register both as an important engineering accomplishment and because of their place in the areas history: they were deemed to be significant both in Ohios history and in that of the entire country.</p><br>
<p>The Old Worth County Courthouse in Northwood, Iowa, United States was built in 1880. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse was the first building the county used for court functions and county administration. The building functions as the Main Museum for the Worth County Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1879 an attempt was made by Kensett, Iowa to have the county seat of Worth County moved to their town. To ensure that the county seat stayed in Northwood the town raised the money for the courthouse and donated the land for the building. A brick Italianate style building was built in 1880 for $4,400</p><br>
<p>After its use as a courthouse the building served as a high school for twenty years. After that it was used as a public library on the main floor and as a youth center on the second floor. On July 4, 1973 the Worth County Historical Society opened a museum in the building.</p><br>
<p>The Wright County Courthouse in Clarion, Iowa, United States was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse was the fourth building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wright County used a log cabin for its initial court sessions in 1855. A two-story frame building was the first proper courthouse the county used when the county seat was moved to Liberty. The county seat moved to Clarion in 1866 and another courthouse was constructed there. That building became a part of the Avondale Hotel after the present courthouse was built in 1892. The three–story building was completed for $50,000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building exhibits several features that are unique among courthouses in Iowa. The Wright County Courthouse has a large polygonal projection at the rear of the building. Its front entrance is recessed within a single-story projecting pavilion, which features a stone roof, balustrade and a semicircular bay on one side. There are similar semicircular bays that flank the site entrance. The courthouse also has a clock tower that rises above the building&#39;s multi-gabled roof. The building was extensively renovated in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor County Courthouse in Bedford, Iowa, United States was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse was the second building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first courthouse for Taylor County was begun in 1863. It was constructed of stone on the south side of the square. Additional office space was rented as the county grew and required more space for county government.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone for the present courthouse was laid in June 1892. The three-story Romanesque Revival building was completed in the spring the following year. It was constructed of pressed brick and Bedford stone. A large dome tops the building. The interior features fireplaces in most of the rooms. The building was built for $38,000.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Singletary Dunham House, located in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States , is a house that was built around 1700 by Jonathan Singletary Dunham , an early American settler and freeholder who built the first gristmill in New Jersey nearby the house.</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Dunham was born in Newbury, Massachusetts and married Mary Bloomfield with whom he later moved to present day New Jersey. Bloomfield is a relative of Joseph Bloomfield, Governor of New Jersey, for whom the township of Bloomfield, New Jersey is named. After building the first gristmill in New Jersey, he went on to serve the community in a variety of ways and was elected to the New Jersey Provincial Congress in 1673.</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Singletary Dunham is President Barack Obama’s eighth great-grandfather and the first of Obama’s ancestors to be born in North America.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 213 acre of land upon which the house and gristmill were built was granted to Jonathan Dunham by the newly appointed Governor of New Jersey. The Dunham house is the oldest building in Woodbridge Township, and among the oldest buildings in Middlesex County. Originally a two-story, four room home, the house was built with brick from Holland which had been used as ballast in ships. The Flemish bond brickwork, also known as Dutch bond, makes a distinctive checkerboard pattern that is visible on the first and second floors of the façade. The house was used as a garrison by American soldiers during the American Revolution. The mill, a tidal mill, was located just south of the home, along the Woodbridge River, which was then known as Papiack Creek, at the intersection of the Port Reading Road.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Since 1873, the home has been part of the grounds of Trinity Episcopal Church, listed on the New Jersey and national registers of historic places. Jonathan’s youngest son, Benjamin Dunham, is recognized as a founder of the church, and the house his father built now serves as the Rectory. One of the original circular millstones used by Dunham in his grist mill operations still exists and is displayed on the property.</p><br>
<p>Flatbush Town Hall at 35 Snyder Avenue between Flatbush and Bedford Avenues in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, is a historic town hall built in 1874-75 and designed by John Y. Culyer in the High Victorian Gothic style It is a two-story masonry building on a stone foundation, and features a three-story bell tower with a steep hip roof. The building dates from the time before the Town of Flatbush was integrated into the City of Brooklyn, in 1894, after which the building served as a magistrates court and the New York City Police Departments 67th Police Precinct station.</p><br>
<p>Due to the efforts of the Town of Flatbush Civic and Cultural Association and the Flatbush Historical Society, the building was saved from a planned demolition, and was designated a New York City Landmark in 1966, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In the late 1980s it underwent a redesign and refurbishment by the New York City Department of Administrative Services, and it is now used as a public school focused on the needs of special education children.</p><br>
<p>Gryneion , is an ancient city near Aliağa in İzmir province of Turkey in western Anatolia. It is on the Aegean coast and very close to the modern town of Yeni Şakran.</p><br>
<p>Gryneion was one of the 12 important cities of Aeolis. She was well known because of her Apollon Temple. The city was a prophecy center.</p><br>
<p>In 334 BC, Parmenion, who was one of the commanders of Alexander the Great, came to the region before Alexander&#39;s invasion and burned Gryneion to prevent the resistance of the people around. The city then declined.</p><br>
<p>The first excavations were made by the French in 1883 and lasted several days. With a few pieces of vase, bronze objects were found.</p><br>
<p>The next excavation was carried out by the Bergama Museum in 1959. During the expansion of Izmir-Çanakkale highway, a beautiful mosaic and necropolis area was found with sarcophagi.Today, even there is no construction in area, ruins can seen intensily.</p><br>
<p>The American Can Company Building is a historic former factory in the Northside neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1921, it is a concrete building with a concrete foundation and an asphalt roof; five stories tall, it has a total floor space of approximately 180,000 ft&sup2;. Built by the American Can Company, the factory was used to manufacture can-making machines, rather than producing the cans itself</p><br>
<p>In late 2005, a local redevelopment company purchased the American Can Company Building, using a $500,000 loan from the citys community development office. Expecting to have to pay another $800,000 to resolve longstanding environmental issues at the property, In 2006, the building was assessed against the guidelines of the National Register of Historic Places, a federal historic preservation program, and found to be eligible for inclusion on the Register. Besides starting the National Register nomination process, the owners applied for the building to be designated a historic site by Cincinnatis city planning commission; such approval was granted in July 2007. Three months later, the National Park Service added the building to the Register. The owners&#39; ultimate goal was to convert the property into apartments and small shops. With renovations nearly complete, the building reopened as American Can Lofts in September, 2011.</p><br>
